All these together form the complement of the
first state, as if a state were established merely to supply the
necessaries of life, rather than for the sake of the good, or stood
equally in need of shoemakers and of husbandmen. But he does not admit
into the state a military class until the country has increased in
size, and is beginning to encroach on its neighbor's land, whereupon
they go to war. Yet even amongst his four original citizens, or
whatever be the number of those whom he associates in the state, there
must be some one who will dispense justice and determine what is just.
And as the soul may be said to be more truly part of an animal than
the body, so the higher parts of states, that is to say, the warrior
class, the class engaged in the administration of justice, and that
engaged in deliberation, which is the special business of political
common sense-these are more essential to the state than the parts
which minister to the necessaries of life. Whether their several
functions are the functions of different citizens, or of the same- for
it may often happen that the same persons are both warriors and
husbandmen- is immaterial to the argument. The higher as well as the
lower elements are to be equally considered parts of the state, and if
so, the military element at any rate must be included.
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