(3) There is a third mode,
in which something is borrowed from the oligarchical and something
from the democratical principle. For example, the appointment of
magistrates by lot is thought to be democratical, and the election
of them oligarchical; democratical again when there is no property
qualification, oligarchical when there is. In the aristocratical or
constitutional state, one element will be taken from each- from
oligarchy the principle of electing to offices, from democracy the
disregard of qualification. Such are the various modes of combination.
There is a true union of oligarchy and democracy when the same state
may be termed either a democracy or an oligarchy; those who use both
names evidently feel that the fusion is complete. Such a fusion there
is also in the mean; for both extremes appear in it. The Lacedaemonian
constitution, for example, is often described as a democracy, because
it has many democratical features. In the first place the youth receive
a democratical education. For the sons of the poor are brought up with
with the sons of the rich, who are educated in such a manner as to make
it possible for the sons of the poor to be educated by them. A similar
equality prevails in the following period of life, and when the
citizens are grown up to manhood the same rule is observed; there is
no distinction between the rich and poor.
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